Niz je bitna i najčešće korištena struktura podataka u Java . To je jedna od najčešće korištenih podatkovnih struktura od strane programera zbog svoje učinkovite i produktivne prirode; Niz je zbirka sličnih elemenata tipa podataka. Za pohranu elemenata koristi kontinuiranu memorijsku lokaciju.
String Array je niz fiksnog broja String vrijednosti . String je niz znakova. Općenito, niz je nepromjenjiv objekt, što znači da se vrijednost niza ne može mijenjati. String Array radi slično kao i druge vrste podataka Array.
U Niz , može se pohraniti samo fiksni skup elemenata. To je struktura podataka temeljena na indeksu, koja počinje od 0thpoložaj. Prvi element će se nalaziti u indeksu 0, a 2ndelement će se nalaziti u indeksu 1, i tako dalje.
Glavna metoda {Public static void main[ String [] args]; } u Javi je također String Array.
Razmotrite sljedeće točke o nizu nizova:
- To je objekt niza.
- Može se deklarirati pomoću dvije metode; navođenjem veličine ili bez navođenja veličine.
- Može se pokrenuti ili u trenutku deklaracije ili popunjavanjem vrijednosti nakon deklaracije.
- Elementi se mogu dodati nizu nizova nakon što se deklarira.
- String Array se može ponavljati pomoću for petlje.
- Operacija pretraživanja i sortiranja može se izvesti na nizu nizova.
deklaracija:
Deklaracija polja ima dvije vrste, ili možemo navesti veličinu polja ili bez navođenja veličine polja. String niz se može deklarirati na sljedeći način:
String[] stringArray1 //Declaration of the String Array without specifying the size String[] stringArray2 = new String[2]; //Declarartion by specifying the size
Drugi način deklariranja niza je String strArray[] , ali su gore navedene metode učinkovitije i preporučene.
Inicijalizacija:
String Array se može lako inicijalizirati. Ispod je inicijalizacija niza nizova:
1. String[] strAr1=new String[] {'Ani', 'Sam', 'Joe'}; //inline initialization 2. String[] strAr2 = {'Ani', 'Sam', ' Joe'}; 3. String[] strAr3= new String[3]; //Initialization after declaration with specific size strAr3[0]= 'Ani'; strAr3[1]= 'Sam'; strAr3[2]= 'Joe'; Sva gornja tri načina koriste se za inicijalizaciju niza nizova i imaju istu vrijednost.
3rdmetoda je metoda specifične veličine. Ovdje se vrijednost indeksa može pronaći pomoću ( duljina niza - 1 ) ako želimo pristupiti elementima većim od indeksa 2 u gornjem polju. To će baciti Java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException izuzetak.
Pogledajmo primjer niza nizova kako bismo pokazali njegovo ponašanje:
Ponavljanje niza nizova
algoritam dubina prvo pretraživanje
String Array se može ponavljati pomoću for i foreach petlje. Razmotrite donji kôd:
String[] strAr = {'Ani', 'Sam', 'Joe'}; for (int i=0; i<strar.length; i++) { system.out.println(strar[i]); } for ( string str: strar) sytem.out.println(str); < pre> <h2>Adding Elements to a String Array</h2> <p>We can easily add the elements to the String Array just like other data types. It can be done using the following three methods:</p> <ul> <tr><td>Using Pre-Allocation of the Array</td> </tr><tr><td>Using the Array List</td> </tr><tr><td>By creating a new Array</td> </tr></ul> <p>let's understand the above methods:</p> <h3>Using Pre-Allocation of the Array:</h3> <p>In this method, we already have an Array of larger size. For example, if we require to store the 10 elements, then we will create an Array of size 20. It is the easiest way to expand the Array elements.</p> <p>Consider the below example to add elements in a pre-allocated array.</p> <pre> // Java Program to add elements in a pre-allocated Array import java.util.Arrays; public class StringArrayDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { String[] sa = new String[7]; // Creating a new Array of Size 7 sa[0] = 'A'; // Adding Array elements sa[1] = 'B'; sa[2] = 'C'; sa[3] = 'D'; sa[4] = 'E'; System.out.println('Original Array Elements:' + Arrays.toString(sa)); int numberOfItems = 5; String newItem = 'F'; // Expanding Array Elements Later String newItem2 ='G'; sa[numberOfItems++] = newItem; sa[numberOfItems++] = newItem2; System.out.println('Array after adding two elements:' + Arrays.toString(sa)); } } </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Original Array Elements:[A, B, C, D, E, null, null] Array after adding two elements:[A, B, C, D, E, F, G] </pre> <p>From the above example, we have added two elements in a pre-allocated Array.</p> <h3>Using ArrayList:</h3> <p>The <a href="/java-arraylist">ArrayList</a> is a fascinating data structure of the <a href="/collections-java">Java collection framework</a> . We can easily add elements to a <a href="/java-string">String</a> Array using an ArrayList as an intermediate data structure.</p> <p>Consider the below example to understand how to add elements to a String Array using ArrayList :</p> <pre> import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; public class StringArrayDemo1 { public static void main(String[] args) { // Defining a String Array String sa[] = { 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F' }; // System.out.println('Initial Array:
' + Arrays.toString(sa)); String ne = 'G'; // Define new element to add Listl = new ArrayList( Arrays.asList(sa)); // Convert Array to ArrayList l.add(ne); // Add new element in ArrayList l sa = l.toArray(sa); // Revert Conversion from ArrayList to Array // printing the new Array System.out.println('Array with added Value:
' + Arrays.toString(sa)) ; } } </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Initial Array: [A, B, C, D, E, F] Array with added value: [A, B, C, D, E, F, G] </pre> <h3>By Creating a New Array:</h3> <p>In this method, we will create a new Array with a larger size than the initial Array and accommodate the elements in it. We will copy all the elements to the newly added Array.</p> <p>Consider the below example:</p> <pre> // Java Program to add elements in a String Array by creating a new Array import java.util.Arrays; public class StringArrayDemo2 { public static void main(String[] args) { //Declaring Initial Array String[] sa = {'A', 'B', 'C' }; // Printing the Original Array System.out.println('Initial Array: ' + Arrays.toString(sa)); int length_Var = sa.length; //Defining the array length variable String newElement = 'D'; // Defining new element to add //define new array with extended length String[] newArray = new String[ length_Var + 1 ]; //Adding all the elements to initial Array for (int i=0; i <sa.length; i++) { newarray[i]="sa" [i]; } specifying the position of added elements ( last) newarray[newarray.length- 1]="newElement;" make it original and print sa="newArray;" system.out.println('updated array: ' + arrays.tostring(sa)); < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Initial Array: [A, B, C] updated Array: [A, B, C, D] </pre> <p>This is how we can add elements to a String Array. Let's understand how to search and sort elements in String Array.</p> <h2>Searching in String Array</h2> <p>For searching a String from the String Array, for loop is used. Consider the below example:</p> <pre> public class StringArrayExample { public static void main(String[] args) { String[] strArray = { 'Ani', 'Sam', 'Joe' }; boolean x = false; //initializing x to false int in = 0; //declaration of index variable String s = 'Sam'; // String to be searched // Iteration of the String Array for (int i = 0; i <strarray.length; i++) { if(s.equals(strarray[i])) in="i;" x="true;" break; } if(x) system.out.println(s +' string is found at index '+in); else not the array'); < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Sam String is found at index 1 </pre> <p>In the above example, we have initialized a boolean variable <strong>x</strong> to false and an index variable to iterate through the string. Also, we have declared a local variable String variable <strong>s</strong> to be searched. Here, the break keyword will exit the loop as soon as the string is found.</p> <h2>Sorting in String Array</h2> <p>The sorting in the String array is quite easy. It is performed like in a traditional array. We use a sort() method to sort the Array elements. Sorting is easier than searching.</p> <p>Consider the below example to <a href="/how-sort-string-array-java">sort a String Array</a> :</p> <pre> //Java Program to sort elements in a String Array import java.util.Arrays; public class StringArraySorting { public static void main(String[] args) { // Adding String values String[] colors = {'Cricket','Basketball','Football','Badminton','Tennis'}; // Print Original values System.out.println('Entered Sports: '+Arrays.toString(colors)); Arrays.sort(colors); // Sorting Elements // Print Sorted Values System.out.println('Sorted Sports: '+Arrays.toString(colors)); } } </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Entered Sports: [Cricket, Basketball, Football, Badminton, Tennis] Sorted Sports: [Badminton, Basketball, Cricket, Football, Tennis] </pre> <p>From the above example, we can see the elements from a String Array is sorted using the sort() method.</p> <p>We can also convert String Array to other data structures such as List, int Array, ArrayList, and more and vice-versa.</p> <hr></strarray.length;></pre></sa.length;></pre></strar.length;> Izlaz:
Original Array Elements:[A, B, C, D, E, null, null] Array after adding two elements:[A, B, C, D, E, F, G]
Iz gornjeg primjera dodali smo dva elementa u unaprijed dodijeljeni niz.
Korištenje ArrayList-a:
The ArrayList je fascinantna struktura podataka od Okvir Java zbirke . Lako možemo dodati elemente u a Niz Niz koji koristi ArrayList kao međustrukturu podataka.
Razmotrite primjer u nastavku da biste razumjeli kako dodati elemente nizu nizova koristeći ArrayList:
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; public class StringArrayDemo1 { public static void main(String[] args) { // Defining a String Array String sa[] = { 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F' }; // System.out.println('Initial Array:
' + Arrays.toString(sa)); String ne = 'G'; // Define new element to add Listl = new ArrayList( Arrays.asList(sa)); // Convert Array to ArrayList l.add(ne); // Add new element in ArrayList l sa = l.toArray(sa); // Revert Conversion from ArrayList to Array // printing the new Array System.out.println('Array with added Value:
' + Arrays.toString(sa)) ; } } Izlaz:
Initial Array: [A, B, C, D, E, F] Array with added value: [A, B, C, D, E, F, G]
Stvaranjem novog niza:
Ovom metodom stvorit ćemo novi niz veće veličine od početnog niza i smjestiti elemente u njega. Kopirat ćemo sve elemente u novododani niz.
Razmotrite primjer u nastavku:
// Java Program to add elements in a String Array by creating a new Array import java.util.Arrays; public class StringArrayDemo2 { public static void main(String[] args) { //Declaring Initial Array String[] sa = {'A', 'B', 'C' }; // Printing the Original Array System.out.println('Initial Array: ' + Arrays.toString(sa)); int length_Var = sa.length; //Defining the array length variable String newElement = 'D'; // Defining new element to add //define new array with extended length String[] newArray = new String[ length_Var + 1 ]; //Adding all the elements to initial Array for (int i=0; i <sa.length; i++) { newarray[i]="sa" [i]; } specifying the position of added elements ( last) newarray[newarray.length- 1]="newElement;" make it original and print sa="newArray;" system.out.println(\'updated array: \' + arrays.tostring(sa)); < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Initial Array: [A, B, C] updated Array: [A, B, C, D] </pre> <p>This is how we can add elements to a String Array. Let's understand how to search and sort elements in String Array.</p> <h2>Searching in String Array</h2> <p>For searching a String from the String Array, for loop is used. Consider the below example:</p> <pre> public class StringArrayExample { public static void main(String[] args) { String[] strArray = { 'Ani', 'Sam', 'Joe' }; boolean x = false; //initializing x to false int in = 0; //declaration of index variable String s = 'Sam'; // String to be searched // Iteration of the String Array for (int i = 0; i <strarray.length; i++) { if(s.equals(strarray[i])) in="i;" x="true;" break; } if(x) system.out.println(s +\' string is found at index \'+in); else not the array\'); < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Sam String is found at index 1 </pre> <p>In the above example, we have initialized a boolean variable <strong>x</strong> to false and an index variable to iterate through the string. Also, we have declared a local variable String variable <strong>s</strong> to be searched. Here, the break keyword will exit the loop as soon as the string is found.</p> <h2>Sorting in String Array</h2> <p>The sorting in the String array is quite easy. It is performed like in a traditional array. We use a sort() method to sort the Array elements. Sorting is easier than searching.</p> <p>Consider the below example to <a href="/how-sort-string-array-java">sort a String Array</a> :</p> <pre> //Java Program to sort elements in a String Array import java.util.Arrays; public class StringArraySorting { public static void main(String[] args) { // Adding String values String[] colors = {'Cricket','Basketball','Football','Badminton','Tennis'}; // Print Original values System.out.println('Entered Sports: '+Arrays.toString(colors)); Arrays.sort(colors); // Sorting Elements // Print Sorted Values System.out.println('Sorted Sports: '+Arrays.toString(colors)); } } </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Entered Sports: [Cricket, Basketball, Football, Badminton, Tennis] Sorted Sports: [Badminton, Basketball, Cricket, Football, Tennis] </pre> <p>From the above example, we can see the elements from a String Array is sorted using the sort() method.</p> <p>We can also convert String Array to other data structures such as List, int Array, ArrayList, and more and vice-versa.</p> <hr></strarray.length;></pre></sa.length;> Ovako možemo dodati elemente nizu nizova. Shvatimo kako pretraživati i sortirati elemente u nizu nizova.
Pretraživanje u nizu nizova
Za pretraživanje niza iz niza nizova koristi se for petlja. Razmotrite primjer u nastavku:
public class StringArrayExample { public static void main(String[] args) { String[] strArray = { 'Ani', 'Sam', 'Joe' }; boolean x = false; //initializing x to false int in = 0; //declaration of index variable String s = 'Sam'; // String to be searched // Iteration of the String Array for (int i = 0; i <strarray.length; i++) { if(s.equals(strarray[i])) in="i;" x="true;" break; } if(x) system.out.println(s +\' string is found at index \'+in); else not the array\'); < pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Sam String is found at index 1 </pre> <p>In the above example, we have initialized a boolean variable <strong>x</strong> to false and an index variable to iterate through the string. Also, we have declared a local variable String variable <strong>s</strong> to be searched. Here, the break keyword will exit the loop as soon as the string is found.</p> <h2>Sorting in String Array</h2> <p>The sorting in the String array is quite easy. It is performed like in a traditional array. We use a sort() method to sort the Array elements. Sorting is easier than searching.</p> <p>Consider the below example to <a href="/how-sort-string-array-java">sort a String Array</a> :</p> <pre> //Java Program to sort elements in a String Array import java.util.Arrays; public class StringArraySorting { public static void main(String[] args) { // Adding String values String[] colors = {'Cricket','Basketball','Football','Badminton','Tennis'}; // Print Original values System.out.println('Entered Sports: '+Arrays.toString(colors)); Arrays.sort(colors); // Sorting Elements // Print Sorted Values System.out.println('Sorted Sports: '+Arrays.toString(colors)); } } </pre> <p> <strong>Output:</strong> </p> <pre> Entered Sports: [Cricket, Basketball, Football, Badminton, Tennis] Sorted Sports: [Badminton, Basketball, Cricket, Football, Tennis] </pre> <p>From the above example, we can see the elements from a String Array is sorted using the sort() method.</p> <p>We can also convert String Array to other data structures such as List, int Array, ArrayList, and more and vice-versa.</p> <hr></strarray.length;> U gornjem primjeru smo inicijalizirali Booleovu varijablu x na false i indeksnu varijablu za ponavljanje niza. Također, deklarirali smo lokalnu varijablu String varijablu s biti pretresen. Ovdje će ključna riječ break izaći iz petlje čim se niz pronađe.
Sortiranje u nizu nizova
Sortiranje u nizu String je prilično jednostavno. Izvodi se kao u tradicionalnom nizu. Koristimo metodu sort() za sortiranje elemenata polja. Sortiranje je lakše nego pretraživanje.
Razmotrite primjer u nastavku sortirati String Array :
//Java Program to sort elements in a String Array import java.util.Arrays; public class StringArraySorting { public static void main(String[] args) { // Adding String values String[] colors = {'Cricket','Basketball','Football','Badminton','Tennis'}; // Print Original values System.out.println('Entered Sports: '+Arrays.toString(colors)); Arrays.sort(colors); // Sorting Elements // Print Sorted Values System.out.println('Sorted Sports: '+Arrays.toString(colors)); } } Izlaz:
Entered Sports: [Cricket, Basketball, Football, Badminton, Tennis] Sorted Sports: [Badminton, Basketball, Cricket, Football, Tennis]
Iz gornjeg primjera možemo vidjeti da su elementi niza nizova razvrstani metodom sort().
Također možemo pretvoriti String Array u druge podatkovne strukture kao što su List, int Array, ArrayList i više i obrnuto.